alo, alere, alui, altus - feed, nourish animus, i - mind; pl., high spirits; pride, courage facio, facere, feci, factus - make, do fugio, fugere, fugivi - flee fur, furis - thief hora, ae - hour, time impedio, impedire, impedivi, impeditus - hinder ira, ae - anger, wrath lavo, lavare, lavi, lautus - wash manus, manus - hand; band of people occasio, occasionis - opportunity res, rei - thing, affair, circumstance spes, spei - hope, expectation successus, us - success veritas, veritatis - truth vinco, vincere, vici, victus - conquer, prevailavaritia, ae - greed, avarice cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitus - recognize, learn, get to know dies, diei - day, time et - and femina, ae - woman fortuna, ae - luck, chance homo, hominis - human being, man irrito, irritare, irritavi, irritatus - stir up, incite lupus, i - wolf non - not nox, noctis - night pecunia, ae - money populus, i - the people, a nation premo, premere, pressi, pressus - press, pursue -que - and rego, regere, rexi, rectus - rule, direct sapientia, ae - wisdom satio, satiare, satiavi, satiatus - satisfy, fulfill sed - but senatus, us - senate vir, viri - man; husband vita, ae - life ago, agere, egi, actus - do, act, drive, lead amo, amare, amavi, amatus - love, like audeo, audere, ausus - dare audio, audire, audivi, auditus - hear, listen to cupio, cupere, cupivi, cupitus - desire, wish debeo, debere, debui, debitus - owe; ought (+ inf.) -ne - untranslateable, signals a yes/no question possum, posse, potui - can, be able quis, quid - who?, what? soleo, solere, solitus - be accustomed video, videre, vidi, visus - see; (like teneo the passive voice may have a linking meaning: seem) volo, velle, volui - want, wish, be willing a|ab - from, away from; by ambulo, ambulare, ambulavi, ambulatus - walk amicus, i - friend capio, capere, cepi, captus - take, seize, get consilium, i - plan, advice cum - with cura, ae - concern, care, worry de - from, down from, concerning e|ex - from, out of feliciter - luckily, successfully fideliter - faithfully fortiter - bravely gladiator, gladiatoris - gladiator harena, ae - sand, arena in - (+ abl.) in, on; (+ acc.) into, onto, against locus, i - place, position; pl., loca, -orum: places; region; loci, -orum: literary passages modus, i - measure, standard of measurement numquam - never pereo, perire, perii - perish, die, pass away prudens, prudentis - sensible person quotiens - how often recte - correctly, rightly semper - always sine - without stultus, i - fool sum, esse, fui, futurus - be, exist ubi - where?, when? unde - whence, from where? venio, venire, veni, venturus - come vivo, vivere, vixi, victurus - live, be alive absens - absent adjuvo, adjuvare, adjuvavi, adjuvatus - aid, help amicus, a, um - friendly amor, amoris - love; sometimes in pl. as object of love aqua, ae - water bonus, a, um - good; n. pl.: goods, property corono, coronare, coronavi, coronatus - crown corpus, corporis - body culmen, culminis - peak, summit defluo, defluere, defluxi - flow down facilis, facile - easy finis, finis - end, goal; boundary; pl.: territory fons, fontis - spring, fountain fortis, forte - brave, courageous habeo, habere, habui, habitus - have imitatio, imitationis - imitation intro, intrare, intravi, intratus - enter magnus, a, um - great, large malus, a, um - bad, evil mens, mentis - mind, judgement novus, a, um - new, strange omnis, omne - every; pl., all opus, operis - a work, accomplishment, deed parvus, a, um - small periculum, i - danger pulcher, chra, chrum - beautiful, handsome purus, a, um - pure qualis, quale - what kind of? quantus, a, um - what size, how great a.... stultus, a, um - stupid, foolish vanesco, vanescere, vanui - vanish vinum, i - wine vitium, i - fault, vice aegre - with difficulty, hardly, barely amitto, amittere, amisi, amissus - let go, send away, lose aper, apri - boar auxilium, i - help, aid; pl.: military re-inforcements canis, canis - dog causa, ae - reason, cause, legal case; (abl. + preceding gen.) on account of, for the sake of duco, ducere, duxi, ductus - lead facile - easily impetus, us - attack, impulse mitto, mittere, misi, missus - send multitudo, multitudinis - crowd, multitude offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus - offer qua de causa - why, for what reason quando - when? ratio, rationis - reason saepe - often tempus, temporis - time teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus - hold; understand; (passively, the verb may have a linking meaning: be considered) actum, i - deed, act crudelis, crudele - cruel curo, curare, curavi, curatus - care for deus, i - god fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsus - deceive, fool felicitas, felicitatis - success, happiness, prosperity felix - fortunate, happy, prosperous frango, frangere, fregi, fractus - break humanus, a, um - human is, ea, id - he, she, it, they (pl.) lacrima, ae - tear multus, a, um - much, many (pl.) neglego, neglegere, neglexi, neglectus - neglect pasco, pascere, pavi, pastus - feed (intrans.), graze animal, animalis - animal astrum, i - star, constellation centum - hundred decem - ten duo, duae, duo - two levis, leve - light, unstable mare, maris - sea mille - thousand mos, moris - habit, custom; pl., morals, character munus, muneris - gift; duty, service novem - nine octo - eight piscis, piscis - fish quattuor - four quinque - five quot - how many septem - seven sex - six tres, tria - three unus, a, um - one vulpes, vulpis - fox acies, aciei - battle line aedifico, aedificare, aedificavi, aedificatus - build ager, agri - field alea, ae - game of dice, a die ars, artis - skill, art castra, castrorum - camp (sg. fortress) copia, ae - abundance; pl., troops, supplies divinus, a, um - divine, deific do, dare, dedi, datus - give doceo, docere, docui, doctus - teach instruo, instruere, instruxi, instructus - draw up, array jacio, jacere, jeci, jactus - throw, cast, hurl natura, ae - nature pro - before, in front of; for, on behalf of produco, producere, produxi, productus - bring forth, produce appello, appellare, appellavi, appellatus - call, name brevis, breve - short, brief dux, ducis - leader, general etiam - even, also fio, fieri, factus - be made, become, happen hic, haec, hoc - this; he, she, it, they; the latter ille, illa, illud - that; he, she, it, they (pl.); the former longus, a, um - long necessitudo, necessitudinis - necessity oculus, i - eye sapiens - wise timidus, a, um - timid voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus - call, invite carbo, carbonis - Carbo, a politician of the first century BC carbo, carbonis - charcoal condicio, condicionis - condition crassus, a, um - fat, gross cum - when, since, although cur - why? disco, discere, didici - learn dum - while, until, provided that fragilis, fragile - easily broken glacies, glaciei - ice intereo, interire, interii, interiturus - perish, die mora, ae - delay postquam - after qua condicione - under what condition quia - because quod - because si - if ubi - where, when ut - when, as, that (in questions, Òhow?Ó) ad - to, toward annus, i - year ante - previously, before ante - in front of, before atque - and; as (after aeque, pariter and simul) contra - against contra - on the contrary cor, cordis - heart domus, domus - home extra - outside of, beyond in - (+ abl.) in, on; (+ acc.) into, onto, against inter - between, among intra - within janua, ae - door multum - much, greatly nihil - nothing nihil - not at all ob - against, because of per - through plurimum - very much, greatly plus - more post - afterward post - behind, after praeter - in addition to, except prope - near propter - because of quam diu - how long quantum - how greatly, to what extent quem ad locum - where, to what place quo - where, to what place roma, ae - Rome singuli, ae, a - single sub - beneath, below, under super - above, moreover, besides; over, above super - above, moreover, besides; over, above supra - above, over supra - above, over tantum - so much, only tantus, a, um - such great, so great trans - across urbs, urbis - city verbum, i - word cito - quickly condo, condere, condidi, conditus - found, establish exemplum, i - example inops - poor, helpless lis, litis - quarrel, lawsuit mater, matris - mother nil - variant of nihil nomen, nominis - name pater, patris - father; pl.: senators qui, quae, quod - what, which; who,which, that qui, quae, quod - what...?, which...? quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque - whoever, whatever, whichever resolvo, resolvere, resolvi, resolutus - resolve romulus, i - Romulus suus, a, um - his/her/its/their own curro, currere, cucurri, cursurus - run, hasten fax, facis - torch, light, flame invado, invadere, invasi, invasus - enter, attack littera, ae - letter (of the alphabet); pl., a letter, dispatch; literature lux, lucis - light maneo, manere, mansi, mansurus - remain, stay scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptus - write sepelio, sepelire, sepelivi, sepultus - bury somnus, i - sleep stella, ae - star vox, vocis - voice, shout accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptus - accept, receive bellovaci, bellovacorum - the Bellovaci (a tribe of Gauls) cresco, crescere, crevi, cretus - grow, increase exercitus, us - army flumen, fluminis - river fluo, fluere, fluxi - flow obses, obsidis - hostage adsum, adesse, adfui, adfuturus - be present, be at hand aptus, a, um - fitting, suitable athenienses, atheniensium - Athenians, people of Athens beneficium, i - kindness, favor, service bis - twice carus, a, um - dear celeriter - quickly, swiftly civitas, civitatis - state, citizenship credo, credere, credidi, creditus - trust, rely on (+ dat. obj.) desum, deesse, defui, defuturus - be lacking, fail dico, dicere, dixi, dictus - say, tell, speak; call, name dissimilis, dissimile - not like, unlike et - even faveo, favere, favi - favor, offer favor to gratus, a, um - pleasing, agreeable honestus, a, um - honorable, respectable honor, honoris - high esteem, honor, mark of honor; dignity, grace impedimentum, i - hindrance; pl.: baggage impono, imponere, imposui, impositus - place upon, impose inicio, inicere, injeci, injectus - throw on or into inimicus, a, um - unfriendly, hostile monstro, monstrare, monstravi, monstratus - show, demonstrate musa, ae - one of the Muses, the female divinities who preside over the arts narro, narrare, narravi, narratus - tell, relate, narrate noceo, nocere, nocui - wound, harm, do harm to (+ dat.) nullus, a, um - no parco, parcere, peperci - spare, be lenient to (+ dat.) placeo, placere, placui - please, be pleasing to (+ dat.) plataeenses, plataeensium - Plataeans, people of Plataea poeta, ae - poet proximus, a, um - nearest, next resisto, resistere, restiti - resist, offer resistance to (+ dat.) salus, salutis - health, safety servio, servire, servivi - serve, help, offer service to (+ dat.) similis, simile - similar, like solitudo, solitudinis - loneliness, solitude usus, us - advantage, use, practice domina, ae - mistress imago, imaginis - image, likeness index, indicis - indicator, sign, informer justitia, ae - justice regina, ae - queen virtus, virtutis - excellence, courage, goodness, virtue vultus, us - appearance, face