certe - certainly forsitan - perhaps (signals possibility) ne - signals a negative hortatory or optative subjunctive, a negative dependent clause, or introduces an indirect question (ÒwhetherÓ) oratio, orationis - speech, oration postulo, postulare, postulavi, postulatus - demand, require rapio, rapere, rapui, raptus - seize, grab spero, sperare, speravi, speratus - hope, hope for utinam - would that (signals wish)