a|ab from, away from; by ac and; as (after aeque, pariter and simul) accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptus accept, receive ad to, toward adsum, adesse, adfui, adfuturus be present, be at hand aetas, aetatis youth, age, period of life ago, agere, egi, actus do, act, drive, lead aio affirm, assert, say aliquis, aliquid someone/something, anyone/anything alius, alia, aliud another, other alter, altera, alterum one (of two), the other altus, a, um high, deep amicus, i friend amo, amare, amavi, amatus love, like amor, amoris love; sometimes in pl. as object of love anima, ae breath, life, spirit animus, i mind; pl., high spirits; pride, courage annus, i year ante in front of, before apud in the presence of, among aqua, ae water arma, armorum weapons ars, artis skill, art at but atque and; as (after aeque, pariter and simul) audio, audire, audivi, auditus hear, listen to aurum, i gold aut or autem however, moreover bellum, i war bene well bonus, a, um good; n. pl.: goods, property caelum, i sky, heaven cano, canere, cecini, cantus sing; read poetry; sound (of a musical instrument) capio, capere, cepi, captus take, seize, get caput, capitis head carmen, carminis song, poem castra, castrorum camp (sg. fortress) causa, ae reason, cause, legal case certus, a, um sure, certain ceteri, ae, a the others, the rest civitas, civitatis state, citizenship coepi, coepisse, coeptus begin consilium, i plan, advice corpus, corporis body credo, credere, credidi, creditus trust, rely on (+ dat. obj.) cum when, since, although cum with cunctus, a, um the whole; pl.: all cura, ae concern, care, worry de from, down from, concerning debeo, debere, debui, debitus owe; ought (+ inf.) deinde then, next deus, i god dico, dicere, dixi, dictus say, tell, speak; call, name dies, diei day, time dignus, a, um appropriate, suitable, worthy do, dare, dedi, datus give doceo, docere, docui, doctus teach dominus, i master, lord domus, domus home duco, ducere, duxi, ductus lead dulcis, dulce sweet dum while, until, provided that duo, duae, duo two dux, ducis leader, general e|ex from, out of ego, mei I, me enim for (explains the reason for what was just stated) eo, ire, ii ivi, iturus go equus, i horse ergo therefore et and etiam even, also facio, facere, feci, factus make, do fatum, i fate, destiny fero, ferre, tuli, latus bring, carry, endure ferus, a, um undomesticated, wild, barbarous, fierce, vicious, cruel fides, fidei trust, guarantee, certainty, good faith, honor, honesty, loyalty, belief filius, i son finis, finis end, goal; boundary; pl.: territory fio, fieri, factus be made, become, happen fleo, flere, flevi, fletus weep, cry, bewail, lament fortis, forte brave, courageous fortuna, ae luck, chance frater, fratris brother fugio, fugere, fugivi flee gens, gentis nation, race, clan, family genus, generis kind, race, type gero, gerere, gessi, gestus carry, bear, wear gratia, ae favor, kindness, goodwill; (plural) thanks; abl. + genitive: for the sake of gravis, grave heavy, weighty, serious, grave, unwieldy habeo, habere, habui, habitus have hic here, in this place hic, haec, hoc this; he, she, it, they; the latter homo, hominis human being, man honor, honoris high esteem, honor, mark of honor; dignity, grace hostis, hostis enemy (often in pl.) ibi there, in that place idem, eadem, idem the same igitur therefore, and so ignis, ignis fire ille, illa, illud that; he, she, it, they (pl.); the former in (+ abl.) in, on; (+ acc.) into, onto, against inde from this place, from there ingenium, i natural disposition, character, or inclination; talent, ability inquam say inter between, among invenio, invenire, inveni, inventus come upon, find, discover ipse, ipsa, ipsum ____self (myself, yourself, himself, etc.) is, ea, id he, she, it, they (pl.) iste, ista, istud that (near you), that (of yours) ita thus, so, itaque and so, therefore iter, itineris journey jam now, already jubeo, jubere, jussi, jussus order juvenis, is young man labor, laboris toil, work, labor laus, laudis praise, glory; fame lego, legere, legi, lectus read, choose levis, leve light, unstable lex, legis law licet, licere, licuit it is allowed, it is possible littera, ae letter (of the alphabet); pl., a letter, dispatch; literature locus, i place, position; pl., loca, -orum: places; region; loci, -orum: literary passages longus, a, um long loquor, loqui, locutus say, speak, tell magis more magnus, a, um great, large major, majus greater, larger, bigger; pl.: often ancestors malus, a, um bad, evil manus, manus hand; band of people mare, maris sea mater, matris mother maximus, a, um greatest, biggest medius, a, um middle, middle of melior, melius (comp. of bonus) better mens, mentis mind, judgement mereo, merere deserve, earn meus, a, um my, mine miles, militis soldier miser, misera, miserum poor, unhappy, wretched, unfortunate, sick; distressing mitto, mittere, misi, missus send modus, i measure, standard of measurement mons, montis mountain, hill, towering pile mors, mortis death mos, moris habit, custom; pl., morals, character moveo, movere, movi, motus move multus, a, um much, many (pl.) mundus, i world munus, muneris gift; duty, service nam for (explanatory) natura, ae nature natus, i son -ne untranslateable, signals a yes/no question ne signals a negative hortatory or optative subjunctive, a negative dependent clause, or introduces an indirect question (ÒwhetherÓ) nec nor, and not neque nor, and not nihil nothing nisi if not, unless nomen, nominis name non not nos, nostrum we, us nosco, noscere, novi, notus get to know, know of, know noster, nostra, nostrum our novus, a, um new, strange nox, noctis night nullus, a, um no numquam never nunc now o O!, Oh! oculus, i eye omnis, omne every; pl., all opus, operis a work, accomplishment, deed orbis, orbis circle, ring, round object; the world, land orior, oriri, ortus rise above the horizon; get up (from bed, etc.); begin, be born, be derived os, oris mouth, face parens, parentis parent, father of a country, originator, founder; pl.: ancestors paro, parare, paravi, paratus prepare, get ready pars, partis part; pl.: political party pater, patris father; pl.: senators patria, ae country, fatherland, homeland pectus, pectoris chest, breast; soul, mind, or personality of a person per through pes, pedis foot peto, petere, petivi, petitus seek, look for, ask for placeo, placere, placui please, be pleasing to (+ dat.) plenus, a, um full plus, pluris more pono, ponere, posui, positus lay, put, place populus, i the people, a nation; populus Romanus:Óthe Roman peopleÓ possum, posse, potui can, be able post behind, after primus, a, um first prior, prius in front, previous, preceding another (the first of two), the former pro before, in front of; for, on behalf of publicus, a, um public, authorized by the state, official, common to all puella, ae girl puer, pueri boy puto, putare, putavi, putatus think, consider quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus look for, search for, ask quam than; (as correlative) as; (+ superlative) as...as possible; (in exclamations) How...! quantus, a, um what size, how great a.... quasi as if -que and qui, quae, quod what, which; who,which, that qui, quae, quod what...?, which...? quia because quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque whoever, whatever, whichever quidam, quaedam, quiddam quoddam a certain person/thing quidem indeed, in fact, certainly quis, quid who?, what? quisquam, quidquam anyone, anything, any quisque, quaeque, quidque quodque each, every (of several) quisquis, quaequis, quidquid whosoever, whatsoever quod because quoque also ratio, rationis reason reddo, reddere, reddidi, redditus give back redeo, redire, redii, rediturus go back, return refero, referre, rettuli, relatus carry back, bring back regnum, i rule; kingdom (often derogatory when applied to Romans) relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictus leave behind, abandon res, rei thing, affair, circumstance respondeo, respondere, respondi, responsus answer rex, regis king sacer, sacra, sacrum sacred, holy, divine saepe often sanctus, a, um satis enough scio, scire, scivi, scitus know scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptus write secundus, a, um following, favorable, second, inferior, subordinate sed but semper always senex, senis old man sequor, sequi, secutus follow seu seu...seu...: whether...or... si if sic thus, so, in this way sicut signum, i sign, signal; indication; seal simul together, at the same time, simultaneously; (with ut, atque, or ac) as soon as sine without sol, solis sun soleo, solere, solitus be accustomed solus, a, um alone, the only sto, stare, steti, staturus stand studium, i eagerness, zeal; study sub beneath, below, under -, sui himself, herself, itself, themselves sum, esse, fui, futurus be, exist summus, summa, summum greatest, best, highest super above, moreover, besides; over, above suus, a, um his/her/its/their own talis, tale such, of such a kind tam so tamen nevertheless tantus, a, um such great, so great tempus, temporis time teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus hold; understand; (passively, the verb may have a linking meaning: be considered) terra, ae earth, land timeo, timere, timui fear totus, a, um whole, entire tres, tria three tu, tui you tum then tunc then, at that point (with reference to either past or future) tuus, a, um your (sing.) ubi where, when ubi where?, when? ullus, a, um any unde whence, from where? unus, a, um one urbs, urbis city usque all the way, up (to), even (to); continuously; always ut when, as, that (in questions, Òhow?Ó) uterque, utraque, utrumque each (of two) valeo, valere, valui, valiturus be strong, be effective, prevail -ve or vel or venio, venire, veni, venturus come verbum, i word vero honestly, truly, indeed verus, a, um true, real vester, vestra, vestrum your (pl.) video, videre, vidi, visus see; (like teneo the passive voice may have a linking meaning: seem) vinco, vincere, vici, victus conquer, prevail vir, viri man; husband virtus, virtutis excellence, courage, goodness, virtue vis force, power, violence; pl., strength vita, ae life vivo, vivere, vixi, victurus live, be alive voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus call, invite volo, velle, volui want, wish, be willing vos, vestrum you (pl.) vox, vocis voice, shout