2. What drew you towards art?  
      Something was always there.  My cousin, Robert Hoppe, who was ten years older than me, was a painter and a set designer. I adored him and I wanted to be like him. I tried to draw and paint but I wasn’t very good at it so I looked for other ways to be creative.  My uncle, John Mattison, was a dancer who ran off to tour the country doing Vaudeville. (Vaudeville was very popular kind of variety show where you might have magicians, singers, someone swallowing swords then a great dramatic actor like Sarah Bernhardt doing a famous scene — all in the same show.)   
      My mother and my Aunt Gen would take me to Broadway shows, using “two-fers” (discount tickets) my father brought home from New York.  I found them very magical as a child.  Knowing someone in my own family had made a life in theatre made it seem possible.   
      Finally, my senior year in high school a friend and I “second-acted” a production of  Peter Brooks’ “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” at the Kennedy Center.  We snuck in with all the ticket-holders after the first intermission and were treated to these Shakespearean characters swinging on trapezes and bouncing on trampolines.  I was amazed that theatre could do that!   
Why do you think scientists are drawn to their field?  
I think that science draws people who have a sense of wonder, who are interested in getting to the essence of things and have a big curiosity.  In this, it’s not all that different from Art.  
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3. What do you aim to accomplish in art?  
I aim to move people and create some magic for them as well.  I want to discover things for myself and pursue things that grab me.  I aim to educate, because deep in my bones, I am a teacher.  It is not just a profession for me.  It’s important to try to shine light on things. That’s what I try to do.  
What do you think scientists aim to accomplish?  
Science is all encompassing.  Science, as art, can be a prism to look into anything and everything.  Science wants to fix things.  Scientists aim to extend the perimeters of knowledge as far as they can go and then go farther.  They create a kind of magic, too.  They aim to have control over and improve aspects of the physical world.  
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4. Do you think what you do is creative?  If so, how?  If not,   
why?  
Yes, because I observe things and try to transform them. I select portions of them to share with others and have them in return share the story. As an artist,  I have the ability to transform things. Even if it is painful— the death of a friend— I can transform at least part of that grief into some other thing. Sometimes into a healing thing, for myself, others.  
Do you think science is creative? If so, how? If not, why?  
That’s also true for Science.  Scientists find new ways of thinking about things, creative ways, new paradigms, new solutions to old problems.  
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5. To what degree do emotions play a role in your work if at all?  
     It is a big part.  If my audience doesn’t feel something, I certainly feel sad!  
     I can channel my emotions into my work.  You can’t just work from emotion, though.  You need craft and discipline to shape it..  Otherwise it’s just like a river overflowing its banks.  
To what degree do you think emotions play a role in science?  
Emotion plays a role in the work of a scientist, too.   If one is looking in a Petrie dish for days or weeks he or she needs to love it.  One needs a kind of passion to get through the tedious chores, the failures in any field. Also, what causes one to study chimps, another to study black holes? There’s got to be some kind of attraction there, an intellectual excitement.  
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6. What is beauty?  
It is something that when you look at it, hear it or touch it, it fills you with a sense of well-being.  If you asked me what love is, I might define it the same way.  
Do you find beauty in art?  
Sure.  One can even learn to find it in discordant images and dissonant sounds.  It is important to find it not only in tranquility, but especially when things are awry.  Something can be horrible yet have a kind of beauty, too.  Think of people gathering to watch a hurricane’s approach or Picasso’s painting of the destruction of Guernica.  
Do you find beauty in science?  
Yes. Since science is dealing with the physical world, it’s full of beauty. Again, what draws someone to become an astronomer, a botanist? I would think a sense of awe about the stars, a fascination with the great array of growing things, their patterns, colors, designs...  
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7. Do you think art and science are related?  If so, how?  If not, why?  
Yes.  People want to pursue and extend the boundaries of things.  They want to be God a little, in the sense that they want to both create and control things.  Art and science provide an excellent keyhole into the way of everything.  One can look into every subject above, below and within the sun!  Both art and science are very competitive, sometimes with each other.  
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8. Which do you think plays a greater role: science in art or art in science?  
     I would say, science in art, because I know the role better. One needs physics to build a stage set that can stand up as actors charge on and off;  one needs chemistry to develop photos.   
     The relationship between art and science is often very close. Edward Muybridge, a photographer, was able to answer the question for both painters and naturalists that a running horse does indeed lift all four legs up from the ground. His experiments using still cameras led to the development of motion pictures.    
     Of course, Freud and others turned to playwrights, Sophocles in particular, to understand psychology.  Certainly, in terms of presentation science will turn to art.  The Museum of Natural History, for example, works with artists to create models of dinosaurs and early hominids, when all they have to go on is some bones.  Even Einstein used metaphor, a poet’s tool, when he explained his theory of relativity, saying a minute with one’s hand on a frying pan was infinitely longer than a minute embracing one’s beloved.  
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9. When you are observing nature, what thoughts come to mind?  
Hopefully, nothing does!  It’s good to just get away from words sometimes and just observe nature.  It’s good to look at patterns and shapes, the order of things, the way light falls.  At times I tend to see something as potential material for my work, but I have to stop and just take the thing for what it is.  Artists and scientists can stand in awe of nature and try to capture it.  The relationship is similar, though the means are different.  There is a sense of wonder.  
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10. What do you consider success in your field?  
I think to keep working, writing and getting the work out and to not be complacent.  To get the energy going between oneself and the audience is key.  Also to keep growing oneself and growing one’s audience, not just in terms of numbers but in terms of getting people to think of things they perhaps haven’t thought of before. That can be an audacious thing, to presume to lead an audience in new directions, but one must be audacious to be an artist.   
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2. What drew you towards science?  
I was drawn by asking myself why certain things work or why they appear as they do in nature.  
Why do you think artists are drawn to their field?  
I imagine they perceive something that is interesting and want to convey that interest to others.  
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3. What do you aim to accomplish in science?  
In a sense I’m trying to understand how drugs influence the body.  I n particular, the research of how drugs get around in the human body.  I would like to be able to determine the physical and chemical properties of the molecule.  The shape of the molecule is one project in itself.  
What do you think artists aim to accomplish?  
They can accomplish many things.  Some artists are musicians, but I can’t appreciate that talent.  Art is a picture or a sculpture.  The artist tries to convey beauty of those shapes.  
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4. Do you think what you do is creative?  If so, how?  If not,   
why?  
Yes, in a sense that shape has some creativity associated with it.  These shapes actively influence the activity of drugs.  
Do you think art is creative? If so, how? If not, why?  
Art is creative because it strives for a pretty picture of a scene or person. Sometimes the  color can create emotion in the viewer.    
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5. To what degree do emotions play a role in your work if at all?  
Well, it’s not supposed to play a part in my work at all.  Yet, certain measurements are beautiful.  I guess emotions do come into play.  
To what degree do you think emotions play a role in art/?  
They play a role a lot more than in science.  90, 95% or more, I’m not sure.  I have spoken to artists who have given me fairly deep concepts when I view their work.  
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6. What is beauty?  
Beauty is anything that is pleasing to my eyes or mind.  Especially if art evokes some sort of happy response.    
Do you find beauty in art?  
Yes  
Do you find beauty in science?  
Yes.  Beauty is found in  the structure of molecules.  I think it is a beautiful picture.    
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7. Do you think art and science are related?  If so, how?  If not, why?  
Art and science are quite related in the structures of molecular modeling.  Trying to look at pictures of molecules leaves no distinction between art and science. These pictures are not the effort of one person, but of two, the artist and scientist.  
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8. Which do you think plays a greater role: science in art or art in science?  
The roles are about equal.  It really depends what aspect of science or art is being talked about.  
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9. When you are observing nature, what thoughts come to mind?  
Quite a few thoughts come to mind when I observe nature.  For example, in looking at trees, I wonder about the green color of leaves.  What is it about the chlorophyll that can absorb sunlight.  In looking at a mountain, I wonder what forces were involved in creating it.  
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10. What do you consider success in your field?  
My personal success would be when I think I understand how a drug is working.  
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2. Why do you think scientists are drawn to their field?  
Someone’s personal disposition draws him to science.  Science suits his or her personality,     whether because of genetics or something one acquires in the course of life.  
Why do you think artists are drawn to their field?  
Artists are inclined to work in a field where it is about self-expression.  I don’t think one wakes up one day and says that he or she is going to be a scientist or an artist.  It’s not a logical or rational thing.  One just says, ‘This makes me feel good.’  It’s just a love and a personal inclination.  
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3. What do you think scientists aim to accomplish?  
Scientists for the most part believe that there is a truth or at least a version of the truth that they are pursuing to get a better understanding.  
What do you think artists aim to accomplish?  
Artists want to have self-expression.  They have something that they are trying to get out and this always comes back to self-expression.  They hope to affect other people.   
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4. Do you think science is creative? If so, how? If not, why?  
If scientists use the same ideas and methodology as others, their ideas can’t be classified as creative.  Creativity is what is outside the norm. Quality has to also be considered.  Something can be outside the norm, but be garbage.   
Do you think art is creative? If so, how? If not, why?  
It can be.  Sometimes it is and sometimes it isn’t.  If you generate art or science, it is creative.  Creativity is when you do something or think of something outside the realm in which it is done.  If one plays other people’s music, he may be highly skilled, but he is not especially creative.    
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5. To what degree do you think emotions play a role in art?  
Emotions play a huge role in art.  An artist tries to get in touch with his or her emotion and let it out.  Artists usually acknowledge the fact that emotions are a large part of their work.  
To what degree do you think emotions play a role in science?  
Emotions play a huge role in science as well.  However, unlike artists, scientists may do their best to deny this fact.  Yet, emotions play a much bigger role in their work than they would like to admit.       
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6. What is beauty?  
Although beauty is hard to define, it is easy to recognize. Within cultures, there is usually a general agreement about beauty in terms of what is or is not beautiful.  
Do you find beauty in art?  
Yes, beauty is found in art only if this art is of quality.  
Do you find beauty in science?  
Yes, beauty once again is found in science if the science is of   
quality.  
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7. Do you think art and science are related?  If so, how?  If not, why?  
Yes, art and science are absolutely related in that they both begin with assumptions, even though these assumptions may be different.  The artist/scientist has a belief system in which he or she works.  This belief system is different for both artists and scientists. One can think of this belief system as a relationship between the context and content.  The context could be considered a bowl for example and the content would be what is put inside of the bowl.  Apples or oranges could serve as the content.  Both groups work from assumptions.  
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8. Which do you think plays a greater role: science in art or art in science?  
The role is pretty equal.  However, if it was necessary to choose, art plays a bigger role in science.  
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9. When you are observing nature, what thoughts come to mind?  
I am inclined to be introspective.  I tend to say, ‘Why am I reacting this way?’ If I know something specifically about a certain tree for example, I might think about that.  At the same time, though,  I will have a non-evaluative view.  I will just look at shapes and lines.  I don’t feel that if I look at something from a scientific perspective that that undermines what I see in nature.  If anything, I feel it enhances it.  
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10. What do you consider success in your field?  
Success in my field is if one is recognized, has published quality research, and works with an organization which has positive affects.   Also, for myself, if I positively influence my students, that would be considered success.    
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